In other words, trains cannot be pushed and cowhide cannot be blown. But this car does have a part that can give us power by "blowing": turbocharger. Of course, it is not only our common exhaust turbine, but also the supercharger, electronic supercharger and so on that rely on "blowing" to improve power. But since the exhaust gas turbine is still commonly used in trucks, let's start with it. In the forum, there are also card friends talking about which brand of turbine is better. Of course, if you want to directly understand why there is a turbine, for example, in terms of turbochargers, Honeywell (Garrett), Cummins, Borg Warner, Mitsubishi Heavy Industries (MHI), Shibo (Hitachi, IHI), Garrett, etc. are doing better internationally. In fact, as long as the products are produced by regular manufacturers, there are basically no problems. However, the replacement of an unknown turbine may cause other problems, such as adaptation, due to the pressure increase value of different models. Therefore, if there is only a problem with the turbine, we prefer to replace the original model of the regular product through the service station, regardless of other products. Now that we have talked about the turbine, let's talk about the turbocharger in passing for a science popularization. According to the entry of "Turbocharger" in Baidu Encyclopedia, "Turbocharger is actually an air compressor, which increases the intake volume by compressing air. It uses the inertial impulse of exhaust gas from the engine to drive the turbine in the turbine chamber. The turbine drives a coaxial impeller, which compresses the air sent from the air filter pipe to pressurize it into the cylinder." Therefore, we can simply understand the turbocharger as a blower, which is used to increase the air intake of the engine. The exhaust gas turbine we commonly use is driven by the exhaust gas from the engine. The higher the engine speed is, the more exhaust gas will be discharged, and the more air will be used to drive the blower, so that the blower can blow more air into the engine at a higher speed.

When talking about the principle, let's talk about the structure of the turbocharger. Its shape is like two connected snails, and the center of the snail is two connected blades.

These two blades can be thought of as the blades of electric fans connected on the same shaft. One of them is a passive blade, that is, a blown blade, just like a windmill. The other is a blower blade, just like a propeller.

The windmill of the turbocharger is connected to the exhaust end of the Beiben V3 accessory engine. When the engine is working, the exhaust pipe will discharge exhaust gas, and these air currents will blow the windmill. The more exhaust gas the engine blows out, the faster the windmill will be driven by the air flow. With the rotation of the windmill, the propeller on the other side will also rotate to pump air quickly.

The propeller, which pumps air quickly, is connected to the air inlet of the engine. Therefore, the air intake of the engine will also increase. For example, the cylinder of the original Beiben V3 accessory engine may only be filled with 1 liter of air. With the turbocharger, the air entering the intake pipe will be compressed due to the hard work of the propeller, allowing 2 liters of air to enter the same cylinder volume.

To quote the original words of Baidu Encyclopedia Turbocharger, it is: "With the increase of air pressure and density, more fuel can be burned, and with the corresponding increase of fuel quantity and adjustment of engine speed, the output power of the engine can be increased." The exhaust gas turbine can improve the power output of the engine, but the speed of the turbocharger impeller is directly related to the amount of exhaust gas emitted by the engine. In other words, when the engine speed is relatively low, the turbine cannot reach the ideal working state, which also brings about a phenomenon called "turbine hysteresis". That is to say, when you drive a turbo car, you will not feel as linear as a naturally aspirated car, but you may suddenly have strong power, which is very poor at low speeds.

In order to solve this problem, engineers have put forward many methods, such as the single turbine twin vortex tube technology, which was very famous in BMW cars in those years. It is to improve the flow rate of exhaust gas by dividing the engine exhaust manifold into two or more streams of air flow and reducing the interference between the exhaust gas flow of two cylinders adjacent to the ignition. The faster the velocity of the exhaust pipe, the more smoothly the turbine works. In addition, there is variable cross-section turbocharging technology. The principle of this technology can be understood as the wind deflector of the household air conditioner. As we all know, the air deflector of the air conditioner can guide the flow of air. The same is true inside the turbine. When the engine speed is low, the exhaust gas can be directly blown through a small gap through the switching of the air deflector inside the turbine, so that the exhaust gas from the engine can be more effectively used.

When the exhaust volume comes up, these blades will open again, making the air flow more smooth and further improving the efficiency of the turbocharger. With the development of science and technology, many manufacturers have begun to develop a method to replace the traditional exhaust gas turbine, using the motor to drive the turbine. Of course, this is totally different from the products we see on some e-commerce platforms. Taking the products of Borg Warner as an example, some data show that when the engine speed is low and the exhaust gas pressure is insufficient, it can increase the speed to 7000 rpm in 0.3 seconds, which is totally beyond the capability of electric superchargers made by small workshops. The electric turbocharger can automatically adjust according to our power demand in real time through the electronic control device, which is undoubtedly more energy-saving and efficient for the vehicle.

Now the technology of turbocharging has been popularized in our trucks. Of course, it also puts forward requirements for our cars. For example, many turbines now use floating bearings, which puts forward high requirements for our oil. Therefore, we must not use inferior engine oil for cheap maintenance.

● Afterword:

In fact, there are many things to talk about about the turbine, such as the layout of the turbocharger, maintenance instructions, etc., and even the use of the turbocharger has "unwarranted" products. In a word, the turbocharger, in my opinion, is a great contribution to the development of trucks. What do you think?

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